Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997, 94: 6036–6041.PubMedCrossRef 44. Jones S, Yu B, Bainton NJ, Birdsall M, Bycroft BW, Chhabra SR, Cox, Golby P, Reeves PJ, Stephens S, click here Winson MK, Salmond GPC, Stewart GSAB, Williams

P: The lux autoinducer regulates the production of exoenzyme virulence determinants in Erwinia carotovora and Pseudomonas aeruginos a. EMBO J 1993, 12: 2477–2482.PubMed 45. Uroz S, Angelo-Picard C, Carlier A, Elasri M, Sicot C, Petit A, Oger P, Faure D, Dessaux Y: Novel bacteria degrading N -acylhomoserine lactones and their use as quenchers of quorum-sensing-regulated functions of plant-pathogenic bacteria. Microbiology 2003, 149: 1981–1989.PubMedCrossRef Authors’ contributions KGC carried out the experiments other than LC-MS/MS. SA, KM helped draft the manuscript. SRC supervised the AHL syntheses and interpreted the MS spectra. MC established the HPLC method. CLK, CKS and PW conceived the study, helped in the biological interpretation, and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a critical public health problem where 9.1 million incident cases

were noted in 2006. Within this same time frame, Tozasertib molecular weight greater than 1.5 million deaths had been attributed to TB [1]. Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb.) most often Selleckchem Bucladesine occurs via the pulmonary route with varying intra- and extrapulmonary pathologies noted in humans [2, 3]. Several animals have been studied to mirror TB disease pathology including mice, guinea pigs and rabbits [4, 5]. Rabbits are particularly appealing given the similar immune response noted in this population of naturally-resistant animals [6, 7]. We have developed a rabbit

model that utilizes a bronchoscopic model of infection to reliably produce lung cavities. The model also demonstrated the unique extrapulmonary dissemination among animals infected with either Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) AF2122 or M. bovis Ravenel [8]. All rabbits that were infected were sensitized with heat-killed M. bovis to maximize the probability of cavity formation. The importance of sensitization in our experiment was based on classical studies by Wells and Lurie who demonstrated pulmonary cavities in rabbits PJ34 HCl pre-sensitized with heat-killed M. bovis and challenged with low-dose M. bovis [9]. Ratcliffe and Wells further expanded on the importance of sensitization when they noted cavity formation in rabbits that underwent low dose M. bovis infection and were subsequently infected with high-dose M. bovis [10]. Yamamura et al. had also elucidated the importance of sensitization when he published a series of studies that described the reliable production of lung cavities in 30-60 days. Only rabbits pre-sensitized at regular intervals with heat-killed M. bovis formed cavities when undergoing intrathoracic infection with live or heat-killed mycobacteria [11, 12].