Degradation of heptachlor by white rot fungi was also reported (Arisoy, 1998; Nwachukwu & Osuji, 2007). However, metabolites and metabolic pathways of heptachlor by white rot fungi have not yet been reported. Recently, we reported

on several white rot fungi belonging to the genus Phlebia that are capable of degrading polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs). Mori & Kondo (2002a, b) reported that several white rot fungi could mineralize 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and that 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2,8-dichlorodibenzofuran were hydroxylated by Phlebia lindtneri. It was also reported that P. lindtneri and Phlebia brevispora are capable of hydroxylating and methoxylating 2,3,7-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,8,9-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 1,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin this website (Kamei & Kondo, 2005; Kamei et al., 2005). Additionally, chloronaphthalene and polychlorinated biphenyls were metabolized to hydroxylated products by P. lindtneri and P. brevispora, respectively (Mori et al., 2003; Kamei et al., 2006). These results suggested that Phlebia species have specific activity in the biotransformation of organohalogen compounds, and led us to pay attention to Phlebia species in selecting heptachlor- and heptachlor epoxide-degrading fungi. In this paper, we evaluate the ability of genus Phlebia to degrade heptachlor

and heptachlor epoxide, and we describe new hydroxylated metabolites of heptachlor epoxide by Gefitinib purchase microorganisms. http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ldk378.html We also propose metabolic pathways of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide in this genus. This is the first report describing the metabolites of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide by white rot fungi. Heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, 1-hydroxychlordene, N,N-dimethylformamide, phenanthrene, acetic anhydride, pyridin and all organic solvents were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries

(Osaka, Japan). Eighteen species belonging to the genus Phlebia were used for degradation experiments. Phlebia acanthocystis TMIC34875, Phlebia tremellosa TMIC30511, Phlebia aurea TMIC33908, Phlebia radiata TMIC34599, Phlebia nitidula TMIC32286 and Phlebia tremellosus TMIC31235 were obtained from the Tottori Mycological Institute (Tottori, Japan). Phlebia lindtneri GB1027, Phlebia acerina HHB11146, Phlebia setulosa HHB12067, Phlebia rufa HHB14924, Phlebia ludoviciana HHB9640, Phlebia subochracea HHB8494, Phlebia livida HHB4609, Phlebia subserialis HHB9768, Phlebia bresadolae RLG10795 and Phlebia uda Kropp-1 were obtained from the Forest Products Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture (Washington, DC). Phlebia ochraceofulva ATCC96119 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). Phlebia brevispora TMIC34596 was identified using molecular approach in a previous study (Suhara et al., 2002).