Special attention is directed to the dependence of tunneling probability on the shape of Selleck MLN2238 potential barrier with in an depletion region. The theoretical predictions

are compared with experimental data of high quantity photodiodes published in the available literature. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3483926]“
“Purpose To investigate the coexistentence of anal incontinence (AI) in patients with urinary incontinence (UI).

Materials and methods UDI 6 questionnaire was applied to consecutive 800 patients for the determination of symptomatic UI. Cases were also questioned for AI. The patients with the complaint of UI were evaluated for the coexistence of AI. Each patient with AI, had completed the learn more Cleveland Clinic Florida Fecal Incontinence questionnaire for the determination of the severity of AI. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test were used for the evaluation of qualitative data. Multivariable analysis using logistic regression was done to test the overall significance of all variables that were significantly associated with UI using univariate analysis.

Results There were 233 (29.1%) cases of UI and 105 (13.1%) cases of AI. 60 (7.5%)

of these patients were suffering from both UI and AI. 60 (57.1%) of 105 patients with AI also had UI. In patients with UI, the coexistence of AI was found in 25.7%. There was a positive correlation between UI and AI (R = 0.240, Chi-square P < 0.001). In logistic regression model, AI [(OR) 3.5, 95% confidence interval 2.26, 5.49], parity and episiotomy were found to be associated with UI. Parity and vaginal delivery by episiotomy were risk factors for the occurrence of AI.

Conclusion AI is positively correlated with UI patients. Symptoms of AI must be questioned in all gynecology patients. Unnecessary episiotomy should be avoided.”
“The somatotrophic axis (GH-IGF) is

a key regulator of animal growth and development, affecting performance traits that include milk production, growth rate, body composition, and fertility. The aim of this study was to quantify the association of previously identified SNPs in bovine growth hormone (GH1) and insulin-like ATM/ATR tumor growth factor 1 (IGF-1) genes with direct performance trait measurements of lactation and fertility in Holstein-Friesian lactating dairy cows. Sixteen SNPs in both IGF-1 and GH1 were genotyped across 610 cows and association analyses were carried out with traits of economic importance including calving interval, pregnancy rate to first service and 305-day milk production, using animal linear mixed models accounting for additive genetic effects. Two IGF-1 SNPs, IGF1i1 and IGF1i2, were significantly associated with body condition score at calving, while a single IGF-1 SNP, IGF1i3, was significantly associated with milk production, including milk yield (means +/- SEM; 751.3 +/- 262.0 kg), fat yield (21.3 +/- 10.2 kg) and protein yield (16.5 +/- 8.0 kg) per lactation.