These findings suggest that minocycline administration does not suppress MMPs at

mRNA and protein levels but that it suppresses gelatinase activities by upregulating TIMPs. Thus, MMP-targeted therapies should be designed after the mechanisms of candidate drugs have been considered. “
“K. Seidel, J. Vinet, W. F. A. den Dunnen, E. R. Brunt, M. Meister, A. Boncoraglio, M. P. Zijlstra, H. W. G. M. Boddeke, U. Rüb, H. H. Kampinga and S. Carra (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 39–53 The HSPB8-BAG3 chaperone complex is upregulated in astrocytes in the human brain affected by protein aggregation diseases Aims: HSPB8 is a small heat shock protein that forms a complex this website with the co-chaperone BAG3. Overexpression of the HSPB8-BAG3 complex

in cells stimulates autophagy and facilitates the clearance of mutated aggregation-prone proteins, whose accumulation is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders. HSPB8-BAG3 could thus play a protective role in protein aggregation diseases and might be specifically upregulated in response to aggregate-prone protein-mediated toxicity. Here we analysed HSPB8-BAG3 expression Z-VAD-FMK purchase levels in post-mortem human brain tissue from patients suffering of the following protein conformation disorders: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). Methods: Western blotting and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to analyse HSPB8 and BAG3 expression levels in fibroblasts from SCA3 patients and post-mortem brain tissues, respectively. Results: In all diseases investigated, we observed a strong upregulation of HSPB8 and a

moderate upregulation of BAG3 specifically in astrocytes in the cerebral areas affected by neuronal damage and degeneration. Intriguingly, no significant change in the HSPB8-BAG3 expression levels was observed within neurones, irrespective of their localization or of the presence of proteinaceous aggregates. Conclusions: We propose Thiamine-diphosphate kinase that the upregulation of HSPB8 and BAG3 may enhance the ability of astrocytes to clear aggregated proteins released from neurones and cellular debris, maintain the local tissue homeostasis and/or participate in the cytoskeletal remodelling that astrocytes undergo during astrogliosis. “
“Cockayne syndrome (CS) and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) are caused by deficient nucleotide excision repair. CS is characterized by cachectic dwarfism, mental disability, microcephaly and progeria features. Neuropathological examination of CS patients reveals dysmyelination and basal ganglia calcification. In addition, arteriosclerosis in the brain and subdural hemorrhage have been reported in a few CS cases. Herein, we performed elastica van Gieson (EVG) staining and immunohistochemistry for collagen type IV, CD34 and aquaporin 4 to evaluate the brain vessels in autopsy cases of CS, XP group A (XP-A) and controls.