This rearrangement made each picture unrecognizable as a food. The original images used to generate the mosaic pictures Selleckchem Y27632 were not disclosed to the participants. They were instructed not simply to recall the memory of eating experience but to have appetitive motives as if they brought each food to their own mouth every time when the

food items were presented during the food sessions, and to view the mosaic pictures during the control sessions without thinking anything. The intersession intervals were set at 1 min. While in a supine position on a bed, they were requested to keep both eyes open and to fixate on a central point throughout the sessions. Immediately after finishing the MEG experiment, they were asked yes-or-no questions for each food item whether they had motivation to

eat the food (as if they brought the food to their own mouth) during Apitolisib datasheet MEG recording. The subjective levels of appetitive motives during the MEG recordings were expressed as the number of food items to which they replied “yes”. Each session consisted of 100-picture sets comprising 2-s stimulation periods followed by 1-s inter-stimulus intervals (Fig. 6A and B). Twenty pictures of typical modern Japanese food items were used including steak, croquettes, hamburger, tempura, chicken nuggets, french fries, pizza, spaghetti, ice cream, fried dumplings and fried rice (Science and Technology Agency, 2005). Each picture was used 5 times to construct the 100-picture set. Because adding food pictures might increase the variability in the food preference among individuals, we used only isothipendyl 20 unique food images. The sequences of pictures for presentation were randomly assigned

for each participant. Before the day of the examination, each participant was asked to rate each picture for food preference in order to ensure that disliked food items were not presented. But all of the participants did not dislike any of the twenty food items above. These pictures were projected on a screen placed in front of the participants׳ eyes using a video projector (PG-B10S; SHARP, Osaka, Japan). The viewing angle of the pictures was 18.4×14.0°. MEG recordings were performed using a 160-channel whole-head type MEG system (MEG vision; Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) with a magnetic field resolution of 4 fT/Hz1/2 in the white-noise region. The sensor and reference coils were gradiometers 15.5 mm in diameter and 50 mm in baseline, and each pair of sensor coils was separated at a distance of 23 mm. The sampling rate was 1000 Hz with a 0.3 Hz high-pass filter. The MEG signal data corresponding to pictures of food items and mosaic pictures were separately analyzed and each data point was averaged offline after analog-to-digital conversion with a band-pass filter of 3–30 Hz.