This study has limitations. First, the cross-sectional nature of our study design (and hence the single Selleckchem Ceritinib measurement of FABP-4 in
the study) means that our results provide information about associations but not causality. Secondly, we defined lipodystrophy clinically and cannot discount the possibility that some patients in the LD− group could have had minor subclinical changes that were not clinically detectable. However, we believe that this is unlikely because our cohort comprised patients with extreme phenotypes. Finally, we do not have Selleckchem HSP inhibitor the FABP-4 mRNA expression levels in SAT and this may have limited
the interpretation of data on inflammatory markers in this tissue. Investigation of FABP-4 expression in adipose tissue from patients with lipodystrophy may prove beneficial in the development of possible therapeutic options. FABP-4 has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for patients with type 2 diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis [21]. It has been observed that patients with the genetic variant of the FABP-4 gene (T-87C) associated with reduced transcriptional activity of the gene and diminished FABP-4 expression in adipose tissue have lower triglyceride levels and a reduced risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes [21]. Recently,
investigation of pharmacological agents that inhibit FABP-4 function in experimental models has yielded promising results [10], but further studies are needed to determine whether such agents may be of benefit in LD+ patients. Tyrosine-protein kinase BLK In summary, our data suggest involvement of the FABP-4 system in cART-related lipodystrophy in HIV-1-infected patients who have increased systemic FABP-4 production, and that this increased FABP-4 production is probably related to macrophage adipose tissue gene expression. A close relationship between insulin resistance and FABP-4 level was found in the HIV-1-infected cohort, suggesting that FABP-4 may play a role in the carbohydrate metabolism disturbances observed in these patients. We propose that FABP-4 may influence both systemic and local inflammatory responses in HIV-1-infected patients with cART-associated lipodystrophy. The members of the HIV Lipodystrophy Study Group and co-authors of this paper are: Verónica Alba, Alba Aguilar, Teresa Auguet, Matilde R.