We also showed that introns can increase NMD efficiency not

only in transcripts having relatively short 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), but also in uORF-containing transcripts. AtMHX transcript levels were almost unaltered in mutants of the NMD factors UPF3 and UPF1. Possible reasons, including the existence of a NMD-compensatory mechanism, are discussed. Interestingly, the levels of UPF3 transcript were higher in upf1 mutants, suggesting a compensatory mechanism that links weak function of the NMD machinery to increased expression of UPF3. Our findings highlight that uORFs, which are abundant in LY3039478 Stem Cells & Wnt inhibitor plants, can not only inhibit translation but also strongly affect transcript accumulation.”
“Bacteriophage Phi CJ07 with broad host ranges for Salmonella strains isolated from sewage effluent were used to reduce Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection in chickens. One-day-old chicks challenged with 5 x 10(7) colony-forming units/bird of SE were cohabitated with contact chicks and treated with three concentrations

(10(5), 10(7) and 10(9) plaque forming units (PFU)/g) of bacteriophage prepared as a feed additive for 21 days after challenge. Salmonella in the intestine was quantified and environmental contamination level was examined at 1.2 and 3 weeks after challenge. All treatments reduced intestinal SE colonization Fedratinib research buy in challenged and contact chickens and reduced the environmental contamination level, but the reductions produced by 10(7) and 10(9) PFU/g of bacteriophage were significant (P < 0.05) as compared with untreated controls. In addition, seven out of 10 (70%) contact chickens treated with 10(9) PFU/g of bacteriophage had no detectable intestinal Salmonella

at 3 weeks after treatment, suggesting that bacteriophage therapy significantly prevented the horizontal transmission of SE. SB203580 manufacturer These results provide important insights into preventive and control strategies against SE infection in poultry and indicate that the use of bacteriophage could reduce the incidence of Salmonella food poisoning. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“This article is intended to establish a comprehensive interpretation of the noticeable differences in the dynamic mechanical behaviors of polypropylene/talc composites with and without modified interphases. The latter are discussed on the basis of different Surface treatments applied to the reinforcement particles. To this end, a series of 75/25 (w/w) polypropylene/talc composites with and without interfacial modifications from the reinforcement side were evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis.