4%, 95% CI: 25.5,98.2), but not during the second year (−54.7%, 95% CI: −1752.7,82.3); only 5 RVGE occurred during the second year. For every 100 person-years of follow-up for the entire study period, 1.8 cases of severe RVGE were prevented by PRV; during the first year of life, 3.3 cases of severe RVGE were prevented for 100 person-years.

For this analysis of clinic based-data, PRV did not have significant efficacy against all or severe gastroenteritis of any cause (Table 2). Although there was a slight increase in severe non-rotavirus gastroenteritis among the PRV group, this difference was not significant during the entire follow-up period (VE −15.1%, 95% CI: −55.0,59.2). In the intention-to-treat analysis of the entire study period, there were 6 cases of severe RVGE in PRV recipients and 15 cases in placebo recipients, KU-55933 solubility dmso yielding an efficacy of 59.1% (95% CI: 11.5,87.0). In the first year of life in the intention-to-treat analysis, there were 3 RVGE cases among PRV recipients and 13 among placebo recipients, yielding an efficacy against severe RVGE of 76.4% (95% CI: 14.1,95.7). Among HIV-infected children identified at enrollment who were evaluable during the follow-up period, there was one case of severe RVGE among PRV recipients and no cases among placebo recipients (IRR undefined,

Table 3). selleck inhibitor There were more cases of severe gastroenteritis due to any cause among HIV-infected PRV recipients than among HIV-infected placebo recipients,

but this did not meet statistical significance (5/21 vs. 1/17 respectively, IRR 7.6, 95% CI: 0.85,361). None of the 8 infants who developed HIV-infection after enrollment during the HIV-testing at 6, 9 and 12 weeks, presumably though breast-feeding, experienced RVGE after they tested HIV-positive. One child, a PRV recipient, developed severe RVGE at 8 months of age, before having a newly positive PCR test for HIV at 12 months. too Among almost 15,000 home visits, a total of 3143 episodes of gastroenteritis in the prior 2 weeks were reported, of which 199 (6.3%) were classified with severe dehydration and 488 (15.5%) with moderate dehydration (Table 4). The vaccine efficacy against gastroenteritis with severe dehydration during the entire study period was 29.7% (95% CI: 2.5,49.3); efficacy during the first year was 34.4% (95% CI: 5.3,54.6) and during the second year was 18.3% (95% CI: −44.9,54.0). During the entire follow-up period, 12 cases of gastroenteritis with severe dehydration per 100 person-years were prevented by PRV (95% CI: 3,22), and 19 cases per 100 person-years in the first year (95% CI: 4,34). Using the modified Clark scoring system, although fewer gastroenteritis cases were classified as severe than when using IMCI criteria, PRV showed a similar point estimate for protective efficacy against severe gastroenteritis in the first year, although not statistically significant (34.8%, 95% CI: −19.6,64.4).

albicans (ATCC 140503) and C. krusei (ATCC 34135). This investigation will have many potential applications where smart nanotextiles may give impact on our lifestyles like antifungal fabrics where polyaniline is one of the ingredients. All authors have none to declare. The authors are grateful to the management of the Masterskill University of Health Science, Malaysia for promoting research and providing financial support in carrying out this investigation and Nano-RAM

Technologies, Bangalore, Karnataka State, India for their technical support. “
“Most of the oxidative diseases are due to free radicals resulting in oxidative stress.1 Free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals and non-radical AG 14699 species such as hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen are different forms of activated oxygen constituting reactive oxygen species (ROS).2 and 3 Active anti-oxidative defense system is required to balance the production of free radicals. The oxidative damage created by free radical generation is a critical etiological factor implicated in several chronic human diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, atherosclerosis, arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases and also in the aging process.

ABT-263 molecular weight In treatment of these diseases antioxidant therapy has gained an enormous importance. Nowadays, the application of nanotechnology to healthcare holds great promise in medical field in areas, such as imaging, faster diagnosis, drug delivery and tissue regeneration, as well as the development of new therapeutics. Indeed, numerous products of nanometric dimensions are being evaluated in clinical trials.4 The development of green synthesis of nanoparticles is evolving into an important approach Ketanserin in nanotechnology.5 and 6 Plants have been reported to be used for synthesis of metal nanoparticles of gold and silver and of a

gold–silver–copper alloy.7 and 8 Colloidal silver is of particular interest because of its distinctive properties such as good conductivity, chemical stability, catalytic and antibacterial activity.9 and 10 The silver nanoparticles are also reported to be nontoxic to human.11 Morinda pubescens commonly known as Indian mulberry belongs to family Rubiaceae. The plants are found as weed in the dried region of Maharashtra. Another species Morinda citrifolia commonly called as ‘Noni’ has been used for several years for its therapeutic and nutritional value. 12 Our previous study indicates the significance of M. pubescens leaves in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate. 13 The present study is the continuation of the earlier work and is carried out to assess the antioxidant and anticancer activities of M. pubescens synthesized silver nanoparticles. The leaves of M. pubescens Linn. were collected from the forest region of Indian Institute of Technology Campus, Chennai and identified by the Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Meenakshi College for Women, Chennai.

The overall effect was not significant (MD = 21 hours, 95% CI –10 to 53) but favoured the experimental group ( Figure 6, see also Figure 7 on eAddenda for detailed forest plot). Survival: Three studies ( Cader et al 2010, Caruso et al 2005, Martin et al 2011) with 150 participants provided data on the effects of inspiratory muscle training on survival (RR = 1.22, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.77). The overall effect was not significant but favoured inspiratory

muscle training ( Figure 8, see also Figure 9 on eAddenda for detailed forest plot). Reintubation: Only one study ( Caruso et al 2005) reported the effect of inspiratory muscle training on reintubation, providing data on 34 participants. Three of 17 (18%) of the experimental group and five of 17 (29%) of the control group were reintubated. This difference Everolimus clinical trial between groups was not statistically significant (RR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.17 to 2.12). Tracheostomy: One study ( Cader et al 2010) reported the effect of inspiratory muscle training on tracheostomy, providing data on 33 participants. Three of 17 (18%) of the experimental group and 2 of 16 (13%) of the control group received a tracheostomy,

which was not a statistically significant difference (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 0.27 to 7.38). Adverse events: One study ( Martin et al 2011) reported no adverse effects during either the training or the sham training. One study ( Cader et al 2010) did not document occurrence of adverse events. One study ( Caruso et al 2005) second reported adverse effects in the experimental group including paradoxical breathing, Anti-cancer Compound Library ic50 tachypnea, desaturation, haemodynamic instability, and supraventricular tachycardia. However, it is not clear whether the control group underwent an equivalent period of observation

for adverse events. Numerous case reports and case series have described the use of inspiratory muscle training in mechanically ventilated patients (Martin et al 2002, Bissett and Leditschke, 2007, Sprague and Hopkins, 2003, Aldrich et al 1989, Aldrich and Uhrlass, 1987, Abelson and Brewer, 1987). All of these studies observed an increase in maximal inspiratory pressure or training pressure and suggested that this may have aided weaning from mechanical ventilation. While the data analysed in this review confirm that inspiratory muscle training improves maximal inspiratory pressure significantly, it remains unclear whether these benefits translate to weaning success and a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation. Although only three randomised trials were identified by this review, the total number of patients who contributed data was substantial (n = 150). The average rating of the quality of the three studies in this review (ie, 6 on the 10-point PEDro scale) is greater than the average score for trials in physiotherapy (Maher et al 2008).

All the compounds were identified by spectral data. In general, mass spectrum showed the molecular

ion peak, which corresponds to the formula weight of the hydrazones. The elemental analyses of the compounds are in consistence with the molecular formula (Table 1). The electronic spectra of the hydrazones A1–A6 were taken in ethanol (10−3 mol−1). In the UV–Visible spectra of all these compounds the first band appeared around 257 nm was due to the π → π* transitions of the heterocyclic ring and the second one appeared around 350 nm was due to the n → π* transition of the >C]N–group. 8 FT-IR spectra showed the C]O peak around 1660 cm−1, C=N around 1560 cm−1 and the NH stretching vibrations around FK228 manufacturer 3064 cm−1. The 1H NMR spectrum showed the hydrazide (NH) protons as a singlet around 12.1 ppm, the imine protons (N]C–H) around 8.3 ppm, methoxy protons around 3.8 ppm and aromatic protons in the range 6.5–8.8. The 13C NMR spectrum showed the C]O signals around 162.5, C]N signals around 150.6 ppm, buy SAHA HDAC OCH3 signals around 55.5 ppm and aromatic carbon in the range 114.7–158.5 ppm. 9 Single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction study for the hydrazone (A1) was grown from the slow evaporation of an ethanol solution at room

temperature. A pale yellow crystal of (A1) was mounted on a glass fiber and used for data collection. Crystal data was collected using graphite monochromatised Mo-Kα radiation (λ = 0.71073 Å). The structure was solved by direct method using SHELEX-97 and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques against F2 using SHELEX-97. All the non-hydrogen atoms were refined anisotropically. A summary of pertinent crystal data along with further details of structure determination and refinement are given in Table 2. Selected bond lengths and bond angles are given in Table 3.The hydrazone crystallizes in an orthorhombic, chiral space group pbca. The single crystal

X-ray structure of A1 reveals the presence of two molecules in the unit cell. The C]N azomethine [N(3)–C(7)]-bond length 1.278 (3) Å in A1 has a double bond character. The existence of A1 in keto Rolziracetam form in solid state is evident from the [O(1)–C(6)] bond length 1.223 (3) Å and the side chain carbonyl [O(1)-C(6)] show a typical double bond character with bond length 1.223 (3) Å.10 and 11 In this compound, there is also an intermolecular hydrogen bond (Table 4) between the N(2)–H(4) and N(1)′ [N(2)–H(4)…N(1)′, 2.225 Å] and N(2)′–H(5) and N(1) [N(2)′–H(5)…N(1), 2.202 Å], stabilize the crystal structure forming a supramolecular architecture. ORTEP view and unit cell of A1 are given in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 respectively.

Benveniste et al., Paris, France Therapy

of polymyositis and dermatomyositis I. Marie, Rouen, France As reminded by D. Hilton-Jones in this issue’s review [1], the classification of myositides is currently changing. Since 1975, when Peter and Bohan [2] defined the diagnostic criteria for polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM), the development of new pathological tools [3] and [4] permitted to refine the diagnosis criteria, but also, together with fundamental research in immunology [5] and neurosciences [4] to approach the various physiopathological events leading to the different acquired inflammatory and/or autoimmune myopathies. Beside the now “classical and well recognized” PM and DM, new insights have been selleck compound done for the recognition of inclusion body myositis (IBM) [4] that must be distinguished from PM, but also, for the recognition of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies (IMNM) [5] that clearly differ from inherited myopathies or dystrophies [6]. Among IMNM, some are related to the presence of particular specific auto-antibodies (anti-SRP), others are associated with neoplasia and the remaining are also recognized [7] for their property to be treatable by immunosuppressants. The recent discovery of a new auto-antibody specifically Selleckchem LY2157299 associated to IMNM (neither paraneoplastic,

nor anti-SRP positive) [8] highlights the potential toxic trigger role of statins in the genesis of IMNM/myositis, since the presence of this antibody was frequently associated with statin exposure [8]. A few weeks later, the same team also discovered

and published Idoxuridine the target of this antibody, which is the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) [9], the key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway specifically inhibited by statins. They also showed that statins up-regulate the expression of HMGCR on regenerative muscle fibers [9] (HMGCR being the major target of autoantibodies in statin-associated IMNM). Undoubtedly, commercial kits for the routine dosage of this auto-antibody will soon be available, facilitating the diagnosis of this condition. We will then see if all the myopathies due to the statins are due to the presence of this antibody. In the same vein, during the past few years, the burden of the dosages of the different myositis-specific (or associated) auto-antibodies has increased, an important step forward, since it may facilitate, at a modest cost, the diagnosis of these diseases. Within a very short time, we have now a routine access to the dosage of different antisynthetase antibodies anti-J0-1 (histidyl-tRNA synthetase), PL-7 (threonyl-tRNA synthetase), PL-12 (alanine-tRNA synthetase), OJ (isoleucil-tRNA synthetase), EJ (glycyl-tRNA synthetase), but also of anti-SRP, Mi-2, Ku, PM-Scl, RNP antibodies.

Nonetheless, the step-by-step guide on searching specific databases and selecting and combining search terms is useful and specific to each domain. click here The third feature within each domain is a ‘worksheet’ which is an excellent template (downloadable as a word or pdf document) for summarising the evidence. Such structured, concise summaries would be a valuable resource to share with colleagues during journal clubs or to facilitate implementation of evidence-based practice amongst colleagues in a clinic or hospital department. From my experience, these worksheets are more user-friendly

than the EBM tool CATmaker (CAT = Critically Appraised Topic) that are available on the University of Oxford Centre For Evidence Based Medicine website (http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=1157). Finally, each domain has relevant tools to assist with calculations (eg, likelihood ratios for diagnosis), including a link to the online (Canadian) CEBM Statistics Calculator. The Practice Guidelines

and the Systematic Reviews sections have a similar structure to the Domains section, including appraisal guides, search strategies and worksheets. The information on how to find good quality practice guidelines is particularly good and has links to excellent sites such as The National Guideline Clearing House and Clinical Knowledge Summaries (although the hyperlink to a third site ‘CMA Infobase’ was not functional VX-770 research buy at the time of this review but can be found at: http://www.cma.ca/cpgs/). The Systematic Reviews section would benefit from some small improvements. First, the appraisal guide has an item asking ‘was the validity of the included

studies appraised’ which links to a generic definition in the Glossary about the definition of validity. Because the methodological quality of studies included in a systematic review can have a substantial impact on estimates of treatment effect, careful appraisal of the risk of bias (also referred to as the quality or internal validity) of studies is important. Therefore it would be more fitting with contemporary terminology to ask ‘was heptaminol the risk of bias of the included studies appraised’ and more useful to have a link to a brief summary of currently accepted tools for this purpose. Second, it would be useful to broaden the ‘what are the results’ section, to include continuous outcomes for reviews on treatments, and to add appropriate outcomes for reviews of diagnosis (eg, likelihood ratios) The final two sections of the EBM Toolkit include links to other excellent web-based EBM resources as well as a useful glossary of terms for reference. Overall, this is a user-friendly resource that provides tools and strategies for formulating clinical questions, searching and critically appraising the evidence, and applying the evidence to patients. I recommend it to physiotherapy students and practitioners.

In addition, although the cell line has recently been successfully grown on Transwell® cell culture inserts ( Wang et al., 2009), its ability to form layers morphologically similar to the native upper airway epithelium at an air–liquid (AL) interface, as described for Calu-3

( Grainger et al., 2006) and NHBE ( Lin et al., 2007) cells, has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we report the optimisation of RL-65 cell culture conditions on Transwell® inserts at an AL interface. The morphology and barrier properties of cell layers grown in two different media were characterised. Additionally, expression of selected drug transporters was quantified and P-gp functionality investigated in the model. This study Selleck 3MA provides an initial appraisal of the suitability of AL interfaced RL-65 layers for filling the current gap between rat ex/in vivo and human in vitro absorption models in pre-clinical drug development. The RL-65 cell line was obtained from the ATCC (Rockville, MD, USA) and used for experiments between passage numbers 3 and 17 from purchase. Cells were cultured in 75 cm2 flasks using a serum-free medium composed of Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/Ham’s selleck kinase inhibitor F12 nutrient mixture (DMEM/Ham F12) 1:1, supplemented with 85 nM selenium, 2.5 μg/ml bovine insulin, 5.4 μg/ml human transferrin, 30 μM ethanolamine, 100 μM phosphoethanolamine, 500 nM hydrocortisone, 5 μM forskolin, 50 nM

retinoic acid and 0.15 mg/ml bovine pituitary extract (Sigma–Aldrich, Poole, UK). Medium was exchanged thrice weekly and cells were passaged when 90% confluent using a 1:20 split ratio. Calu-3 cells were purchased from the ATCC, used between passages 25–30 and cultured as outlined previously by Madlova et al. (2009). Normal human primary bronchial

epithelial (NHBE) cells were purchased from Lonza (Slough, Berkshire, UK) and cultured (passage 2) using the Lonza proprietary B-ALI® kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. RL-65 cells were seeded at a density of 1 × 105 cells/cm2 on 0.4 μm pore size, 1.13 cm2 polyester Transwell® cell culture supports (Corning Costar, High Wycombe, UK) Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II and cultured in submerged (LL) conditions or raised at an air–liquid (AL) interface after 24 h. The cell culture medium was either that outlined above with the addition of 100 IU/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin antibiotic solution (herein referred to as serum free medium (SFM)) or an alternative serum containing medium (SCM) comprising DMEM/Ham F12 (1:1) supplemented with 10% v/v fetal bovine serum (non-USA origin, Sigma), 100 IU/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin antibiotic solution, 2 mM l-glutamine and 1% v/v non-essential amino acids (all from Sigma). For LL culture, the apical and basolateral compartments of the Transwell® contained 0.5 ml or 1.5 ml of medium, respectively. For AL culture, 0.5 ml of medium was added to the basolateral chamber only. The medium was subsequently replaced in respective compartments on alternate days.

The oral bioavailability of DNDI-VL-2098 was good to excellent in all four

species ( Table 2). DNDI-VL-2098 showed close to dose proportional exposures in rodents (Table 2). Oral exposure in hamster and mouse were determined across the 6.25–50 mg/kg range (doses tested for efficacy) using formulations identical to those used in efficacy studies. In both species, bioavailability was 100% at the lowest 6.25 mg/kg dose, and in both species an 8-fold increase in dose (from 6.25 to 50 mg/kg) led to an 11-fold increase in exposure. In http://www.selleckchem.com/products/epacadostat-incb024360.html rat, oral exposures were determined across the 5–500 mg/kg dose range (doses tested in early safety studies) using a suspension in CMC. Here, a 100-fold increase in dose led to about a 100-fold increase in exposure. Fig. 3a summarizes the relationship between dose and dose-normalized AUCs (DNAUC) in various species following suspension administration. The dose-normalized AUCs of DNDI-VL-2098 were generally independent

(within 2-fold) MK-2206 chemical structure of the administered doses. In the rat and dog, oral solution and suspension exposures were determined at 5 mg/kg. In both species, the mean solution exposure was higher than that with suspension (Fig. 3b). In the dog at the higher dose of 50 mg/kg given as suspension, exposure did not increase proportionally (Table 2). A similar “apparent solubility limited absorption” did not occur in the rat where exposures increased dose-proportionally up to 500 mg/kg given as suspension. This observation is consistent with DNDI-VL-2098 being a low solubility/high permeability compound, with the high permeability overriding any limitation that low solubility may pose to absorption, at least in the rat. Because exposures increased proportionally with dose in the rat at high doses, follow up studies were performed in the dog at higher doses using a corn oil formulation.

As solubility of DNDI-VL-2098 was less in water, an oil-based formulation using corn oil was evaluated. In this case, a 100-fold increase in dose from 5 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg, led to a 37-fold increase in exposure (AUClast). By using a 500 mg/kg BID dosing (dosed 8 h apart; total dose 1000 mg/kg), there was these a 50% increase in exposure (360 ± 36 μg h/mL; n = 3) compared to that obtained at the 1250 mg/kg QD dose (246 ± 74 μg h/mL; n = 3, Fig. 4). The preclinical PK parameters were used to perform allometric scaling to predict pharmacokinetics in humans. First, simple allometric scaling of the clearance and volume of distribution data was performed using Y = aWb, where Y is the parameter of interest, and a and b are coefficient and exponent of the allometric equation, respectively, and W is body weight. The clearance exponent calculated with this approach was 0.9. Because it exceeded 0.7, the maximum lifespan potential (MLP (years) = (185.4) (Br0.636) (BW−0.225)) approach was used ( Mahmood, 2007). The MLP method gave estimates of 1.

However, there has also been an increased incidence in NSTE-ACS as a result of the use of high-sensitivity troponins and the increase in cardiovascular

risk factors. This article provides a focused update on contemporary management strategies pertaining to antiplatelet, antithrombotic, and anti-ischemic therapies and to revascularization strategies in patients with ACS. Joseph L. Thomas and William J. French Advances in PFI-2 in vitro reperfusion therapy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) provide optimal patient outcomes. Reperfusion therapies, including contemporary primary percutaneous coronary intervention, represent decades of clinical evidence development in large clinical trials and national databases. However, rapid identification of STEMI and guideline-directed management of patients across broad populations have been best achieved in advanced systems of care. Current outcomes in STEMI reflect the evolution of both clinical data and idealized health care delivery networks. Todd D. Miller, J. Wells Askew, and Nandan S. Anavekar Stress testing remains the cornerstone for noninvasive assessment of patients with possible or known coronary

artery disease (CAD). The most important application of stress testing is risk stratification. Most patients who present for evaluation of stable CAD are categorized as low risk by stress testing. AZD8055 nmr These low-risk patients have favorable clinical outcomes and generally do not require coronary angiography. Standard exercise treadmill testing is the initial procedure of choice in patients with a normal or near-normal resting electrocardiogram who are capable of adequate exercise. Stress imaging is recommended for patients with prior revascularization, uninterpretable electrocardiograms, or inability to adequately exercise. Elliott M. Groves, Arnold H. Seto, and Morton J. Kern Coronary angiography is the gold

standard for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and guides revascularization strategies. The emergence of new diagnostic modalities has provided clinicians with adjunctive physiologic and image-based data to help MTMR9 formulate treatment strategies. Fractional flow reserve can predict whether percutaneous intervention will benefit a patient. Intravascular ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography are intracoronary imaging modalities that facilitate the anatomic visualization of the vessel lumen and characterize plaques. Near-infrared spectroscopy can characterize plaque composition and potentially provide valuable prognostic information. This article reviews the indications, basic technology, and supporting clinical studies for these modalities. Swapnesh Parikh and Matthew J.

It also includes any physical activity done under the supervision and direction of the therapist.13 Beginning of a session When participants get into the therapy area and start performing an active task with the aim of improving functional skills OR when a therapist enters into the therapy session and starts interacting with the participants. This does not include the therapist greeting the participant selleck chemicals llc briefly or the therapist directing the participant to their station during circuit class therapy. End of a session When the end of the session is announced by the therapist OR when the patient

leaves the therapy area. If the therapist walked with the participant back to their room or lunch, the session was said to finish when the participant reached their room or dining room, respectively. Physical activity Engaging in task practice such as walking, standing, sit-to-stand, and using the

paretic arm.13 Inactivity Engaging in unrelated activities, such as solely using the nonparetic arm and periods of rest in sitting or lying13 for greater than 15 s. Passive movements or stretching in lying or sitting were also considered to be inactive. Full-size table Table options View in workspace Download as CSV Category Definition Activities in lying Rolling, bridging, hip/knee control exercises, lie-sit and sit-lie Active sitting Weight shift and equilibrium exercises, reaching, turning, leg exercises in sitting Transfers and sit to stand practice Transfers bed to chair, chair to bed Repeated sit to stand exercises Standing Facilitation of symmetrical posture, weight shift any GDC-0068 supplier direction, turning and reaching, stepping in any direction (without progression) including on and off step, step ups Walking

practice Any surface, with or without supervision Includes outdoors, obstacles, steps why and ramps (not treadmill) Treadmill Time spent walking on treadmill Upper limb activities Includes facilitation of movement, treatment of stiffness or pain as well as active task practice Full-size table Table options View in workspace Download as CSV Each participant’s level of disability at admission to rehabilitation was rated using the FIM, which was scored in the ward team meeting, according to the published guidelines.8 Total therapy session duration, total active time, and the time spent in various categories of activity and inactivity were compared between the two therapy formats: individual therapy sessions versus circuit class therapy. Clustered linear regression was used for these analyses because some individual participants were videoed on more than one occasion. The significance level was set at α = 0.05, with sequential Bonferroni adjustment applied to account for multiple comparisons. Differences in the percentage of therapy sessions devoted to activities in various categories were analysed in the same way.