In total, 630 individuals between the ages of 524 were included in the study. They were

classified into four age groups (59, 1014, 1519 and 2024 years). The seropositivity of hepatitis A in the whole study population was 40%. Age-specific prevalence was 11.4% in children 59 years old, 29% in those 1014 years old, 49.7% in those 1519 years old and 69% in those 2025 years old. Seropositivity was associated with increasing age, low SES, large family size, low maternal educational level, use of unsafe drinking water and living in regions with poor infrastructure and incomplete urbanization. When we compared our results with previous seroprevalence studies performed in Istanbul, we found an epidemiological shift towards increasing age. Factors associated with changes

in prevalence were urbanization and associated infrastructure improvement, knowledge of the disease by the population, GW3965 mouse use of good hygiene and use of vaccination in those at high risk.”
“The fundamental issues associated with the magnetoplasmon excitations are investigated in a quantum wire characterized by a confining harmonic potential and subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field. Essentially, we embark on the device aspects of the intersubband collective (magnetoroton) excitation which observes a negative group velocity between the maxon and the roton. The computation of the gain coefficient suggests an interesting and important application: the electronic device based on such magnetoroton modes can act as an active laser medium. 2011 American selleck compound Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3592637]“
“Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuroprotective peptide exerting protective effects in neuronal injuries. We have provided evidence that PACAP is neuroprotective in several models of retinal degeneration in vivo. Caspase-independent apoptosis Our previous studies showed that PACAP treatment ameliorated the damaging effects of chronic hypoperfusion modeled by permanent bilateral carotid artery occlusion. We have also

demonstrated in earlier studies that treatment with PACAP antagonists further aggravates retinal lesions. It has been shown that PACAP deficient mice have larger infarct size in cerebral ischemia. The aim of this study was to compare the degree of retinal damage in wild type and PACAP deficient mice in ischemic retinal insult. Mice underwent 10 min of bilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by 2-week reperfusion period. Retinas were then processed for histological analysis. It was found that PACAP deficient mice had significantly greater retinal damage, as shown by the thickness of the whole retina, the morphometric analysis of the individual retinal layers, and the cell numbers in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers. Exogenous PACAP administration could partially protect against retinal degeneration in PACAP deficient mice.

63.3% of the knees had more than 50% change in BML volume at either 6 or 12 weeks on the axial view and 48.7% on the sagittal view.

Conclusions: Knee BML volumes change in several weeks in many persons with knee OA. To the extent that they could be regarded as treatment targets, trials testing BML effects could avoid the usual prolonged structure modification trials. (C) 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Enantiomeric

analysis can be used as a complementary selleck products tool for source apportionment of chiral compounds, particularly for alpha-HCH. In this study we used archived samples from studies related to the distribution of POPs in air-water and air-soil-grass systems.

Such approach is based on the behaviour of chiral compounds released into the atmosphere from a primary source, when they are expected to show racemic or close to racemic composition. Contrarily, SNX-5422 molecular weight when chiral compounds have been reemitted from secondary sources (e.g. water or soil), their enantiomeric signatures are frequently non-racemic and are similar to the signature of the secondary source. To show such evidence, extracts from passive air samples deployed throughout Europe were analyzed for the enantiomers of alpha-HCH. The proximity to a large water body showed a high impact on the enantiomeric signatures: Baltic air had enantiomeric fractions (EFs) <0.500, while Mediterranean air had predominantly EFs >0.500. Similarly, Atlantic air showed a latitude influence: above 50 degrees N most EFs <0.500, whereas at latitudes below 50 degrees N, EFs click here were >0.500. A similar trend was also observed for EFs of alpha-HCH measured in air samples from a latitudinal transect during an Atlantic cruise. This transect shows that samples from higher latitudes (above 40 degrees N) have EF <0.500, whereas in the more southern samples (African coast and Southern Atlantic), there is no clear trend for EFs. Inland air samples showed a large range in EF values, with racemic signatures for samples with the highest

alpha-HCH concentrations and an increasing spread in the EFs for lower alpha-HCH concentrations. As expected, the EF values of alpha-HCH in air, soils and grass were also impacted by latitude. Correlations between EFs and geographic characteristics of the sampling locations, as well as alpha-HCH concentrations, alpha-/gamma-isomer ratios, or temperature suggest that enantioselective analysis can give additional information on the distribution and sources of alpha-HCH in the environment. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are a common magnetic resonance (MR) feature in patients with osteoarthritis, however their pathological basis remains poorly understood and has not been evaluated in vivo.

Results. CMV disease developed in 29 of 113 (26%) D+R- patients at a median of 185 days (interquartile range 116-231 days) post transplant, including CMVsyndrome (66%) and tissue invasive disease (34%). The incidence of CMVdisease was higher in patients who underwent re-transplantation (57% vs. 24%) and this factor was independently associated with a higher risk of CMVdisease in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, check details 4.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-13; P = 0.016). Other demographic

and transplant variables were not independently associated with a risk of late-onset CMVdisease.

Conclusions. Despite a comprehensive analysis of patient and transplant variables, only re-transplantation was identified as a risk factor for CMVdisease in D+R- kidney transplant recipients who received antiviral prophylaxis, but had limited clinical predictive value. The development of novel laboratory markers to identify patients at greatest risk for CMVdisease should be a priority for future studies.”
“Purpose: To determine the prevalence and predictors of infection in diabetic patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) who were >= 18 years.

Methods: A retrospective cohort design was adopted for this study. A total of 967 diabetes ketoacidosis patients from Hospital Pulau Pinang for the 3-year period, Jan 2008 – Dec 2010, were identified and enrolled.

The data were analysed, as appropriate, by Student t-test and ANOVA for the normally distributed data, Mann-Whitney MAPK Inhibitor Library molecular weight U rank sum and Kruskall-Wallis tests for continuous, non-nominal data and Chi-square for dichotomous variables. Odd Ratios with 95% confidence Napabucasin cost interval (CI) were also presented where applicable.

Results: Of the total diabetes ketoacidosis patients, 112 (11.6 %) were cases without infection, 679 (70.2 %) bacterial infection cases and 176 (18.2 %) presumed viral infection cases. The mean white blood count (WBC) for all the patients was 18,177 +/- 9,431 while 721 (74.6 %) had leukocytosis,

defined by WBC >= 15,000/mm(3). WBC differential, leukocytosis, as well as sex and body temperature were not significant predictors (p >. 05) of bacterial infection. There was, however, a significant difference (p <. 05) in terms of age within groups, as those > 57 years showed a higher rate of infection.

Conclusion: The infection rate in elderly patients with DKA is high and a majority of them lack clinical evidence. Age has a significant effect on the rate and prediction of infection. Leukocytosis is commonly found but severe ketoacidosis was more likely than the presence of infection.”
“Cymbopogon distans (Nees ex Steud.) Wats is a perennial aromatic grass growing wild in the temperate Himalayan region. In order to find new ecological areas for its commercial cultivation, an attempt has been made to introduce this plant to the sub-tropical region.

Our results are particularly relevant in view of new

experimental techniques that enable the parallel recording of spiking activity from a large number of neurons, an appropriate interpretation of which is hampered by the currently limited understanding of structure-dynamics relations MK-5108 in complex networks.”
“Objective

To establish the cytologic and immunocytochemical features of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) cell clusters (LCCs) and to clarify its diagnostic significance for LAM.

Study Design

We evaluated 17 samples of LAM-associated chylous effusions from 13 patients with LAM. We performed Papanicolaou staining and immunocytochemistry for muscular antigens, melanoma-related antigens, female hormone receptors and markers fir lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs).

Results

The cytologic features of LCCs were a well-organized, globular cluster consisting of LAM cells LY2835219 enveloped by LECs. The LAM cells were observed to form a tightly cohesive core and had a moderate nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. Thee are distinct characteristics from cancer cell clusters. Immunocytochemical

examinations revealed the LAM cells to be positive for muscular antigens, melanoma-related antigens and progesterone receptor, but only 2 of 7 specimens were positive for estrogen receptor. The surface monolayer cells were confirmed to be immunopositive for various LEC markers. Ultrastructural study confirmed that LCCs were covered by LECs.

Conclusion

LCCs

were detected in all LAM-associated selleck screening library chylous effusion samples. The cytologic and immunocytochemical examinations of chylous effusions are thus considered to have diagnostic significance for LAM that may therefore enable patients to avoid undergoing such invasive tests as lung biopsies. (Acta Cytol 2009;53:402-409)”
“Background: N-propionyl-4-S-cysteaminylphenol (NPr-4-S-CAP) is selectively incorporated into melanoma cells and degrades them. However, it remains unclear whether NPr-4-S-CAP can induce cell death associated with the induction of host immune responses and tumor suppression in vivo.

Objective: To examine the molecular mechanism of NPr-4-S-CAP-mediated cytotoxicity toward melanoma cells and to test whether NPr-4-S-CAP can suppress transplanted primary and secondary B16F1 melanomas.

Methods: Cytotoxicity and apoptosis of melanoma cells were assessed by cell counting, flow cytometry, and detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic molecules. NPr-4-S-CAP-associated host immunity was studied using a B16F1 mouse melanoma model through the application of CD4- and CD8-specific antibodies and tetramer assay.

Results: NPr-4-S-CAP suppressed growth of pigmented melanoma cells associated with an increase of intracellular ROS, activation of caspase 3 and DNA fragmentation, suggesting that NPr-4-S-CAP mediated ROS production, eliciting apoptosis of melanoma cells.

Tensile strength, elongation at break, elastic modulus, hardness, swelling properties, and electric conductivity behaviors were also investigated.

Experimental results emphasized that Sb2O3 particles SNS-032 cost retard degradation and flammability of the composite. The LOI increases from 16 to 20.9 with 20 wt % Sb2O3 specimen irradiated with 150 kGy. Improvement in thermal stability at conditions of 15 wt % Sb2O3 and a dose of 75 kGy was demonstrated by TGA.DSC measurements showed that Tm significantly increased in the presence of the filler. Mechanical characterization tests showed a significant increase in tensile strength within the range 510 wt % Sb2O3. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“Changes in the electron trapping at the interface between Ge substrates and LaGeOx films grown by atomic O assisted molecular beam deposition are inferred

upon post deposition annealing treatment on the as-deposited films from electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) spectroscopy and from the electrical response of Pt/LaGeOx/Ge metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitors. The improved electrical performance of the MOS capacitors upon annealing is consistent with the EDMR detected reduction of oxide defects which are associated with GeO species in the LaGeOx layer as evidenced by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3651400]“
“Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) methods are widely used for statistical learning selleck products in many areas of endeavor. Recently, these methods have been suggested as a way of incorporating dense markers into genetic models. This note argues that RKHS regression provides a general framework for genetic evaluation that can be used either for pedigree- or marker-based regressions and under

any genetic model, EPZ015666 price infinitesimal or not, and additive or not. Most of the standard models for genetic evaluation, such as infinitesimal animal or sire models, and marker-assisted selection models appear as special cases of RKHS methods.”
“Chronic and progressive brain injury, as seen in epilepsy, may alter brain networks that underlie cognitive functions. To evaluate the effect of epilepsy on language functions we investigated the neuroanatomical basis of semantic processing in patients with left (LHE) or right (RHE) hemispheric onset epilepsy using semantic decision fMRI paradigm and group independent component analysis (ICA); we then compared the results of our investigations with language networks in healthy subjects examined with the same language task (Kim K, Karunanayaka P, Privitera M, Holland S, Szaflarski J. Semantic association investigated with fMRI and independent component analysis. In press). Croup ICA is a data-driven technique capable of revealing the functional organization of the human brain based on fMRI data.

knowlesi and P. malariae. These include trophozoites of knowlesi with double chromatin dots and at times with two or three parasites per erythrocyte and mature schizonts of P. knowlesi having 16 merozoites, compared with 12 for P. malariae.

Conclusion: Plasmodium knowlesi infections in humans are not highly synchronous. The morphological resemblance of early trophozoites of P. knowlesi to P. falciparum and later erythrocytic stages to P. Selleck ACP-196 malariae makes it extremely difficult to identify P. knowlesi infections by microscopy alone.”
“Background: The demonstration of an individual osmolar setpoint

in hemodialysis (HD) is crucial to individualize dialysate Sodium concentrations. Furthermore, the diffusive gradient between plasma and dialysate sodium is important in the “”fine tuning”" of the intradialytic sodium mass balance

(MB).;

Methods: The design of this study included part A: a retrospective analysis of predialysis plasma sodium concentrations extracted from a 6-year database in our HD population (147 prevalent white anuric patients); and part B: study of intradialytic sodium kinetics in 48 patients undergoing One 4-hour bicarbonate HD session. Direct potentiometry With an ion-selective electrode was used for Galunisertib datasheet sodium measurements.

Results: Study part A: the mean number of plasma sodium measurements per patient was 16.06 +/- 14.03 over a mean follow-up Cyclopamine in vitro of 3.55 +/- 1.76 years. The mean of the averaged plasma sodium concentrations was 136.7 +/- 2.1 mmol/L, with a low mean intraindividual coefficient of variation (1.39 +/- 0.4). Study part B: mean predialysis and postdialysis plasma sodium concentrations were 135.8 +/- 0.9 and 138.0 +/- 0.9 mmol/L (p<0.001). Mean inlet dialyzer sodium concentration was 138.7 +/- 1.1 mmol/L; the hourly diffusion concentration gradients showed a statistically significant transfer from dialysate to plasma (Wilks lambda <0.0001). A statistically significant

relationship was found between sodium MB and diffusion gradient (p<0.02), and between sodium MB and ultrafiltration volume (p<0.01).

Conclusions: A relatively “”fixed”" and individual osmolar setpoint in HD patients was shown for the first time in a long-term follow-up. A dialysate sodium concentration of 140 mmol/L determined a dialysate to plasma sodium gradient.”
“Background: Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, one of the principal vectors of malaria, has been divided into two subspecific groups, known as the M and S molecular forms. Recent studies suggest that the M form found in Cameroon is genetically distinct from the M form found in Mali and elsewhere in West Africa, suggesting further subdivision within that form.

Methods: Chromosomal, microsatellite and geographic/ecological evidence are synthesized to identify sources of genetic polymorphism among chromosomal and molecular forms of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s.

The results check details also indicate that PCB exposure is accompanied by reduced PON1 activity that could impair the HDL function to protect against oxidation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In this paper, domain switching

in ferroelectric ceramics near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), where tetragonal phase and rhombohedral phase coexist, is analyzed by a micromechanical model using an inverse-pole-figure (IPF) method. Charge screening effect in ferroelectric ceramics is taken into account, thus the depolarization field by polarization switching vanishes. The mechanical constraint caused by non-180 degrees switching, however, cannot be neglected and is assumed to be proportional to the switching strain caused by non-180 degrees domain switching with a factor PLX3397 cost beta as the measure of the constrained level. Using the IPF method, the domain switching induced polarization and strain can be explicitly obtained via integrations over the unit spherical surface. Two limiting cases are studied in this paper, i.e., the energy barrier for the interphase non-180 degrees domain switching is equal to or much larger than that for the in-phase non-180

degrees switching. In the former case, it is found that domains always tend to switch to the rhombohedral phase especially when the constrained level is high, i.e., at a large value of beta. If the mechanical constraint is neglected, i.e., beta = 0, the maximum achievable polarization and strain can be analytically obtained in this case. While in the latter case, interphase domain switching is suppressed, thus TH-302 ic50 domain switching

in MPB ceramics is only a superposition of independent in-phase domain switching in tetragonal ceramics and rhombohedral ceramics. (c) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3153282]“
“Purpose: Some implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are now able to monitor intrathoracic impedance. The aim of the study was to describe the use of such monitoring in clinical practice and to evaluate the clinical impact of the fluid accumulation alert feature of these ICDs.

Methods and Results: Five hundred thirty-two heart failure (HF) patients implanted with these ICDs were followed up for 11 +/- 7 months. A clinical event (CE) was deemed to have occurred if it resulted in hospitalization or milder manifestations of HF deterioration. Three hundred sixty-two acute decreases in intrathoracic impedance (Z events) occurred in 230 patients. Of these episodes, 171 (47%) were associated with a CE within 2 weeks of the Z event. In another 71 (20%) Z events, drug therapy was adjusted despite the absence of overt signs of clinical deterioration. The rate of unexplained Z events was 0.25 per patient-year and 25 hospitalizations were not associated with Z events. The audible alert was disabled in a group of 102 patients (OFF group). HF hospitalizations occurred in 29 (7%) patients in the ON group and 20 (20%, P < 0.001) patients in the OFF group.

Lastly, the various Streptomyces physiological responses observed are detailed and compared.”
“Aims: To measure transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) signaling in human bladder urothelial cells (BUC) from non-neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB) patients and control subjects (NB) BUC. Materials and Methods: Primary BUC cell cultures were derived from cystoscopic biopsies from two OAB and two NB subjects. TRPV1 expression was detected by immunofluorescence, PCR and Western blot staining. TRPV1 function was assessed by capsaicin (CAP, NVP-LBH589 6 mu

M)-evoked intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) changes measured by microfluorimetry imaging. CAP evoked changes in inward and outward currents were recorded electrophysiologically

using excised outside-out patches and whole cell configurations using various protocols. Results: OAB BUC had significantly increased expression of TRPV1 compared to NB BUC on Western blot. CAP evoked significantly higher maximal [Ca(2+)](i) change Ilomastat over baseline in OAB (84.71 +/- 8.96%) compared to NB BUC (60.32 +/- 7.93%) (P < 0.05). CAP induced significantly greater percent change in single channel open probability(205.94 +/- 20.53% OABvs. 141.26 +/- 16.53% NB, P < 0.05) and normalized inward currents (13.54 +/- 1.6 4 pA/pF OAB vs. 8.28 +/- 0.89 pA/pF NB, P < 0.05). CAP caused significantly higher percent increase from baseline of whole cell outward currents in OAB (177.12 +/- 44.46%) compared to NB BUC (135.98 +/- 44.28%) (P < 0.05). Similarly thermal stimulus (45C solution) evoked significantly higher percent increase in whole cell outward

currents in OAB (183.93 +/- 14.07%) compared to NB (145.61 +/- 10.12%) BUC (P < 0.05). These responses were blocked by 10 mM capsazepine (CPZ), a TRPV1 antagonist. Conclusions: Because only a few subjects were studied, augmented TRPV1 signaling cannot be generalized to all OAB subjects. However, the findings are consistent with the hypothesis that BU Care involved in sensory signaling. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:606-611, 2011. (C) Ferrostatin-1 solubility dmso 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“Purpose: This study aimed to determine the frequency rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis among blood donors.

Methods: Physically fit persons aged 18 – 48 years who came for blood donation at the blood bank unit of the military hospital in Hodeidah, Yemen (MHH) from November 2008 to October 2010 were screened using standard diagnostic (SD) reagents. Based on the results, donors with clinical anemia and with history of jaundice were excluded.

Results: A total of 1,483 male donors (96 % semi-voluntary and 4 % replacement donors) with a mean age of 24.3 years were enrolled in this study. The frequencies of HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis in the samples were 2.35, 0.79, 0.14, and 0.34 %, respectively.

Nonetheless, electrospinning has limitations and hazards, negating its wider exploration, for example, the inability to handle highly conducting suspensions, to its hazardous high voltage. Hence, to date electrospinning has undergone an exhaustive research regime to a point of clicheacute. Thus, in the

work reported herein we unveil a competing technique to electrospinning, which has overcome the above limitations and hazards yet comparable in capabilities. The fiber preparation approach unearthed herein is referred to as “”pressure driven spinning (PDS).”" BX-795 The driving mechanism exploited in this fiber spinning process is the pressurized by-pass flow. This mechanism allows the drawing of either

micro- or PD98059 concentration nanosized fibers while processing polymeric suspensions containing a wide range of advanced materials spanning structural, functional, and biological entities. Similar to electrospinning if the collection time of these continuous formed fibers is varied, composite scaffolds and membranes are generated. In keeping with our interests, multicompositional structural entities such as these could have several applications in biology and medicine, for example, ranging from the development of three-dimensional cultures (including disease models) to the development of synthetic tissues and organ structures to advanced approaches for controlled and targeted therapeutics.”
“Bio-electrospraying and aerodynamically assisted bio-jetting are two direct cell handling approaches recently pioneered,

which have demonstrated significant applicability to the life sciences. These two bioprotocols have undergone scientific rigor, which have seen these techniques been SBE-β-CD mouse explored in conjunction with a wide range of immortalized, primary and stem cells, and those whole organisms. Those studies have demonstrated a cellular population of >70% viable post-treatment in comparison with controls. Although, these studies assessed cellular viability, cell surface molecules play a critical role in several cellular functions, in particular, have importance to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Thus, in the studies reported herein, we demonstrate post-treated viable cells retain their cell surface marker expression levels in comparison to controls, over both short and long time points. Therefore, these studies further push back the frontiers of both bio-electrosprays and aerodynamically assisted bio-jetting in their endeavor as novel strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative biology/medicine with possible targeted clinical utility.”
“Narcolepsycataplexy syndrome is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations and disturbed nocturnal sleep. It is strongly associated with the genetic marker, human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1*06:02.

Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92: 77-82.”
“We investigate the thermodynamics of phase decomposition in magnetic alloy semiconductors (MASs) using the statistical Flory-Huggins lattice Dinaciclib clinical trial model. Based on this model, we propose a method to determine experimentally the interaction parameter chi and apply it to draw the phase decomposition diagram of (GaMn)As. The interaction energy of (GaMn) As was estimated to be about 5.7 mRy, which is close to the first principle calculation of 4.2 mRy. Using this phase diagram, we fabricated MnAs nanoparticles with a rectangular lattice structure utilizing the spinodal decomposition. We discuss the formation of rectangular

and triangular lattice structures at the late stage of spinodal decomposition in MASs using the Ginzburg-Landaulike free energy function. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3567112]“
“A new class of biodegradable copolyesters was synthesized by the catalyst-free melt condensation of sorbitol with citric acid, tartaric acid, and sebacic

acid. CCI-779 The resulting polymers were designated as poly(sorbitol citric sebacate) [p(SCS)] and poly(sorbitol tartaric sebacate) [p(STS)]. The synthesized polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, (1)H-NMR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Porous spongelike scaffolds were prepared with a salt-leaching technique and characterized with scanning electron microscopy. Tensile testing of the p(SCS) and p(STS) polymers showed that they exhibited a wide range of mechanical properties. The Young’s modulus and tensile strengths of the polymers ranged from 1.06 +/- 0.12 to 462.65 +/- 34.21 MPa and from 0.45 +/- 0.04 to 20.32 +/- 2.54 MPa, respectively. In vitro degradation studies CUDC-907 were performed on disc-shaped

polymer samples. The half-life of the polymers ranged from 0.54 to 38.52 days. The percentage hydration of the polymers was in the range 9.36 +/- 1.26 to 78.25 +/- 1.91, with sol contents of 2-14%. At any given polymer composition, the Young’s modulus and tensile strength of p(SCS) was higher than that of p(STS), whereas the degradation rates of p(SCS) was lower than that of p(STS). This was attributed to the structural difference between the citric and tartaric monomers and to the degree of crosslinking. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 2861-2869, 2011″
“Background: Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are intrinsically insulin resistant and have a high risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Weight loss improves risk factors, but the optimal diet composition is unknown. Low-glycemic index (low-GI) diets are recommended without evidence of their clinical effectiveness.

Objective: We compared changes in insulin sensitivity and clinical outcomes after similar weight losses after consumption of a low-GI diet compared with a conventional healthy diet in women with PCOS.